Roads in Kazakhstan are of a decent standard in the capital and major cities, but standards elsewhere are poor, with surfaces often having fallen into states of disrepair. Petrol supplies are decent, but prior planning is a necessity as Kazakhstan is such a large country and journeys can take a long time. Buses run from all towns and a network covers the majority of the country, but conditions are uncomfortable and cramped, and long distance runs are prone to breakdowns and long delays. Taxi services operate through the country, and visitors can hire private cars with drivers for reasonable prices. Almaty is also home to trolleybus services.

Train travel through Kazakhstan is cheap, but also slow, unreliable and with an increasing crime levels on board carriages. As a result of these increased crime levels, travellers are advised to use other methods of travel. Main routes connecting to Moscow, however, are deemed more than safe.

There are a number of river trips available on the River Irtysh.

Internal flights are regular, though often disrupted by fuel shortages, and run to and from Almaty, Astana, Chimkent, Dzhambul, Karaganda, Kzil-Orda, Pavlodar, Semipalatinsk and Ust-Kamenogorsk. At certain points of the year, air travel is the only realistic way to get around the country. It should be noted, however, that maintenance standards of aircraft are generally not as good as those in the West.